A tool used in genetics quantifies the probability that two alleles at any given locus in an individual are identical by descent, inherited from a common ancestor. For example, in a population with a high degree of relatedness, this metric would be higher, reflecting a reduced genetic diversity. This metric is typically expressed as a decimal or percentage.
This quantification is crucial for managing genetic diversity and health in animal populations, particularly in conservation efforts and breeding programs. Understanding the potential increase in homozygosity for recessive deleterious alleles allows breeders to make informed decisions, minimizing the risk of genetic disorders and promoting overall population fitness. Historically, this metric has been calculated using pedigree analysis; however, advancements in genomic technologies now offer more accurate assessments based on DNA markers.